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Gender medicine: the impact of probiotics on male patients.
Pacifici, L, Santacroce, L, Dipalma, G, Haxhirexha, K, Topi, S, Cantore, S, Altini, V, Pacifici, A, De Vito, D, Pettini, F, et al
La Clinica terapeutica. 2021;(1):e8-e15
Abstract
PURPOSE Numerous studies in the literature confirm the importance of the use of probiotics in inflammatory states of the prostate in humans. Our pilot study aimed to test probiotics strains ability to improve urinary bacterial load in male subjects. METHODS Twenty healthy men aged 55-65 years, with recurrent urinatory infections were enrolled and randomized into 2 groups. Urine culturing to detect Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia Coli and Enterococcus faecalis) was performed at baseline and at 12 weeks after the starting of the study. RESULTS We found that taking the probiotic reduces the bacterial load of E. coli and E. faecalis in urine cultures. The use of the probiotic in these inflammatory states does not affect the change in weight in the tested subjects. CONCLUSIONS Our data confirm and improve the main results reported in the scientific literature on the importance of taking probiotics in prostatitis.
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Use, Acceptability, Performance, and Health Impact of Hollow Fiber Ultrafilters for Water Treatment in Rural Kenyan Households, 2009-2011.
Fagerli, K, Gieraltowski, L, Nygren, B, Foote, E, Gaines, J, Oremo, J, Odhiambo, A, Kim, S, Quick, R
The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene. 2020;(1):465-471
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Diarrheal illness remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children < 5 years in developing countries, and contaminated water contributes to diarrhea risk. To address this problem, a novel hollow fiber ultrafilter (HFU) was developed for household water treatment. To test its impact on water quality and infant health, we conducted a cluster-randomized longitudinal evaluation in 10 intervention and 10 comparison villages in Kenya, attempting to enroll all households with infants (< 12 months old). We conducted a baseline survey, distributed HFUs to intervention households, made biweekly home visits for 1 year to assess water treatment practices and diarrhea in infants, and tested water samples from both groups every 2 months for Escherichia coli. We enrolled 92 infants from intervention households and 74 from comparison households. During the 1-year study period, 45.7% of intervention households and 97.3% of comparison households had at least one stored water sample test positive for E. coli. Compared with comparison households, the odds of E. coli contamination in stored water was lower for intervention households (odds ratio [OR]: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.24, 0.74), but there was no difference in the odds of reported diarrhea in infants, adjusting for covariates (OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 0.74, 1.90). Although nearly all water samples obtained from unprotected sources and filtered by the HFU were free of E. coli contamination, HFUs alone were not effective at reducing diarrhea in infants.
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Intestinal-borne dermatoses significantly improved by oral application of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917.
Manzhalii, E, Hornuss, D, Stremmel, W
World journal of gastroenterology. 2016;(23):5415-21
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the effect of oral Escherichia coli (E. coli) Nissle application on the outcome of intestinal-borne dermatoses. METHODS In a randomized, controlled, non-blinded prospective clinical trial 82 patients with intestinal-borne facial dermatoses characterized by an erythematous papular-pustular rash were screened. At the initiation visit 37 patients entered the experimental arm and 20 patients constituted the control arm. All 57 patients were treated with a vegetarian diet and conventional topical therapy of the dermatoses with ointments containing tetracycline, steroids and retinoids. In the experimental arm patients received a one month therapy with oral E. coli Nissle at a maintenance dose of 2 capsules daily. The experimental group was compared to a non-treatment group only receiving the diet and topical therapy. The primary outcome parameter was improvement of the dermatoses, secondary parameters included life quality and adverse events. In addition the immunological reaction profile (IgA, interleucin-8 and interferon-α) was determined. Furthermore the changes of stool consistency and the microbiota composition over the time of intervention were recorded. RESULTS Eighty-nine percent of the patients with acne, papular-pustular rosacea and seborrhoic dermatitis responded to E. coli Nissle therapy with significant amelioration or complete recovery in contrast to 56% in the control arm (P < 0.01). Accordingly, in the E. coli Nissle treated patients life quality improved significantly (P < 0.01), and adverse events were not recorded. The clinical improvement was associated with a significant increase of IgA levels to normal values in serum as well as suppression of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-8 (P < 0.01 for both parameters). In the E. coli Nissle treated group a shift towards a protective microbiota with predominance of bifidobacteria and lactobacteria (> 10(7) CFU/g stool) was observed in 79% and 63% of the patients, respectively (P < 0.01), compared to no change in the control group without E. coli Nissle. Moreover, the detection rate of a pathogenic flora dropped from 73% to 14 % of the patients in the experimental arm (P < 0.01) with no significant change in the control arm (accounting 80% before and 70% after the observation period, P > 0.05). Accordingly, stool consistency, color and smell normalized in the E. coli Nissle treated patients. CONCLUSION E. coli Nissle protects the mucus barrier by overgrowth of a favorable gut microbiota with less immunoreactive potential which finally leads to clinical improvement of intestinal borne dermatoses.
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Effects of probiotics (cultured Lactobacillus subtilis/Streptococcus faecium) in the treatment of alcoholic hepatitis: randomized-controlled multicenter study.
Han, SH, Suk, KT, Kim, DJ, Kim, MY, Baik, SK, Kim, YD, Cheon, GJ, Choi, DH, Ham, YL, Shin, DH, et al
European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology. 2015;(11):1300-6
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotics might reduce gut-derived microbial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by restoring bowel flora in patients with alcoholic hepatitis (AH). We evaluated the therapeutic effects of probiotics in patients with AH. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between September 2010 and April 2012, 117 patients (probiotics 60 and placebo 57) were prospectively randomized to receive the 7 days of cultured Lactobacillus subtilis/Streptococcus faecium (1500 mg/day) or placebo. All patients were hospitalized and were not permitted to consume alcohol for the 7 days of the study. Liver function test, proinflammatory cytokines, LPS, and colony-forming units by stool culture were examined and compared after therapy. RESULTS In both groups, the mean levels of aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, bilirubin, and prothrombin time were significantly improved after 7 days of abstinence. In the probiotics group (baseline and after), albumin (3.5 ± 0.7 and 3.7 ± 0.6 g/dl, P=0.038) and tumor necrosis factor-α (121 ± 244 and 71 ± 123 pg/ml, P=0.047) showed differences. In addition, the number of colony-forming units of Escherichia coli was significantly reduced (435 ± 287 and 168 ± 210, P=0.002). In the placebo group, the level of LPS (1.7 ± 2.8 and 2.0 ± 2.7 EU/ml) was significantly increased. In the intergroup comparison, significant differences in the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (P=0.042) and LPS (P=0.028) were observed between the groups. CONCLUSION Immediate abstinence is the most important treatment for patients with AH. In addition, 7 days of oral supplementation with cultured L. subtilis/S. faecium was associated with restoration of bowel flora and improvement of LPS in patients with AH.
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Soluble Immune Mediators and Vaginal Bacteria Impact Innate Genital Mucosal Antimicrobial Activity in Young Women.
Pellett Madan, R, Dezzutti, CS, Rabe, L, Hillier, SL, Marrazzo, J, McGowan, I, Richardson, BA, Herold, BC, ,
American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989). 2015;(4):323-32
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Innate activity against Escherichia coli in female genital secretions may represent contributions from vaginal bacteria and host soluble immune mediators. We analyzed the relationship between E. coli inhibitory activity, soluble immune mediators, and vaginal bacteria in participants in MTN-004, a placebo-controlled trial of VivaGel(®) , a candidate product for topical HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis. METHODS Escherichia coli inhibitory activity was quantified by colony reduction assay. Endocervical concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-12p40, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), lactoferrin, and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) were quantified to generate a cumulative mediator score. Vaginal bacteria were characterized by quantitative cultures. RESULTS In the two placebo arms, higher soluble immune mediator score was associated with greater E. coli inhibitory activity (β = 17.49, 95% CI [12.77, 22.21] and β = 13.28, 95% CI [4.76, 21.80]). However, in the VivaGel arm, higher concentrations of E. coli (β = -3.80, 95% CI [-6.36, -1.25]) and group B Streptococcus (β = -3.91, 95% CI [-6.21, -1.60]) were associated with reduced E. coli inhibitory activity. CONCLUSIONS Both host mediators and vaginal bacteria impact E. coli inhibition in genital secretions. The relative contributions of host mediators and bacteria varied between women who used VivaGel vs placebos.
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Tolerability and clinical outcome of coseasonal treatment with Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 in grass pollen-allergic subjects.
Dölle, S, Berg, J, Rasche, C, Worm, M
International archives of allergy and immunology. 2014;(1):29-35
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonpathogenic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (EcN) has immunomodulatory properties and can act on different cells which are important for the allergic immune response. Herein, we investigated the efficacy and tolerability of EcN in subjects with grass pollen-dependent allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. METHODS Grass pollen-allergic subjects were randomly allocated to receive EcN in a double-blind, placebo-controlled manner. The treatment was performed from 2 months before onset until the end of one grass pollen season (in total: 6 months). The clinical symptom score and the intake of symptomatic medications were assessed. A skin prick test and grass pollen-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) E and IgA were evaluated before and after treatment. RESULTS Our results show that coseasonal treatment with EcN in grass pollen-allergic subjects was not superior to placebo as assessed using the symptom-medication score (p = 0.257). Interestingly, an increase [median (range)] in grass pollen-specific IgA was detectable in the EcN group [20,556 LU/ml (1,812-60,800)] versus placebo [5,246 LU/ml (944-50,467)] (p = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that 6 months of coseasonal nonspecific immunomodulation by EcN is not sufficient to achieve clinical efficacy in grass pollen-allergic subjects. Future approaches in which such immunomodulators are combined with an allergen-specific protocol might enhance the clinical efficacy of the allergen-specific treatment.